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In page Atrial septal defect:

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A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a remnant opening of the fetal foramen ovale, which often closes after a person's birth. This remnant opening is caused by the incomplete fusion of the septum primum and the septum secundum; in healthy hearts, this fusion forms the fossa ovalis, a portion of the interatrial septum which corresponds to the location of the foramen ovale in the fetus.[1] In medical use, the term "patent" means open or unobstructed.[2] In about 25% of people, the foramen ovale does not close, leaving them with a PFO or at least with what some physicians classify as a "pro-PFO", which is a PFO that is normally closed, but can open under increased right atrial pressure. On echocardiography, shunting of blood may not be noted except when the patient coughs.[citation needed]