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In page Artificial heart:

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The first heart assist device was approved by the FDA in 1994, and two more received approval in 1998.[5] While the original assist devices emulated the pulsating heart, newer versions, such as the Heartmate II,[6] developed by The Texas Heart Institute of Houston, provides continuous flow. These pumps (which may be centrifugal or axial flow) are smaller and potentially more durable and last longer than the current generation of total heart replacement pumps. Another major advantage of a VAD is that the patient keeps the natural heart, which may still function for temporary back-up support if the mechanical pump were to stop. This may provide enough support to keep the patient alive until a solution to the problem is implemented.[citation needed]