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If organisms are mostly composed of TEs, one might assume that disease caused by misplaced TEs is very common, but in most cases TEs are silenced through epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and piRNA, such that little to no phenotypic effects nor movements of TEs occur[citation needed]—as is the case for some wild-type plant TEs.[citation needed] Certain mutated plants have been found to have defects in methylation-related enzymes (methyl transferase) which cause the transcription of TEs, thus affecting the phenotype.[2][3]